The articles in this edition focus on the intricate relationships between cytokines, immune cells, microbiota, and inflammation while highlighting the emerging era of precision medicine. The topics covered underscore the ever-evolving understanding of inflammation and its potential therapeutic avenues, offering valuable perspectives for clinicians and researchers alike. The volume opens with a comprehensive discussion on the pro-inflammatory cytokines in lupus and their therapeutic implications in the context of precision medicine. It further explores immune-resident cells in the retina, advances in psoriasis management, and the application of JAK inhibitors in non-infectious uveitis and scleritis. The intricate connections between gut microbiota, immune responses, and inflammatory disorders are also examined, shedding light on the systemic influence of gut health on inflammation. This edition also ventures into the role of neurotransmitters in inflammation and autoimmunity, the heterogeneity of autoantibody and B-cell development in rheumatoid arthritis, and the pathophysiology of cytokine storms in COVID-19. The mechanistic insights into itaconate as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent offer a futuristic perspective on potential therapeutic strategies.