This book purports to provide the latest information on cutting-edge research concerning inflammation, its fundamentals including the direct and indirect determinants, besides the advanced management protocols employed in clinical practice. This volume of the book widens the horizon delving deeper to understand the molecular aspects of inflammation such as role of memory T cells, cytokines, concept of self-tolerance and autoimmunity. Moving forward with our existing knowledge in inflammation, researchers in the last decade have established chronic inflammation in pathogenesis of lifestyle diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are linked to low-grade inflammation state that reflects the activation of innate immunity. Inflammatory markers are predictive of the risk to develop diabetes, and are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The role of chronic inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease has grabbed the attention of neuroscientists and basic molecular researchers. The role of adipokines in neuro-inflammation and neuroinflammatory diseases has been dealt in a separate chapter in the present volume. Ocular inflammation basics and latest updates on few diseases like ocular sarcoid, Vogt- Koyanagi-Harada disease, HLA B27-associated uveitis and sympathetic ophthalmia are discussed in this volume. Baseline immunological investigation in uveitis and guidelines for use of immunosuppressive agents for managing uveitis are also discussed in this volume by eminent faculty.